Many synthetic plastics used in fabrics are thermoplastic which means that they melt under extreme heat. It may be possible to construct a threadless sewing machine using a laser that melts the fabric in the plastic in tiny dots to simulate the join made by thread so that the fabric is welded thereby eliminating the thread. The dots must be extremely small to maintain the flexibility of the fabric.
Another possibility along the same line is a thermoplastic glue dispensed by a hollow needle which is heated and can create the welding dots in fabrics not amenable to welding by the fabric itself.
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This makes it difficult to undo a change. Say you made a mistake, how do u unsew the clothes? With a thread, u can just use a hook to pull it out.
But on the whole, this beats the thread from breaking while trying to sew something!
Adding a surger extension would be nice too - sealing the frayed edges so it could be a clean edge.
Possibly, this might go along with the "custom tailored" clothing idea - people go into a store, choose a fabric, get measured and then purchase their goods. While they wait, an industrial machine cuts and sews the fabric with a laser (and assistance from a seamstress or not).
My concern would be the fabric feel - natural fibers feel the best while synthetics are nice, but not as good.
Also, I have seen some travel bags with melted seams, though this idea retains the flexibility of the material by dot sewing.
Plastic rain coats are made by a similar process, although I think they simply use heat.
There may be another means of threadless sewing called "ultrasonic welding." High-frequency sound is used to precisely melt materials without using expensive laser equipment or excessive heat.